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Thuringia is one of the smaller German states, its capital Erfurt is also the largest city in the state. Thuringia has no borders with other countries and is therefore a landlocked federal state. The state of Thuringia lies almost in the middle of Germany and some places in the north-east of Thuringia describe themselves as the center of the state. 2.2 million people live on an area of 16,172 km², which corresponds to a population ratio per square kilometer of 133. The federal state, which was formed in 1920 when five free states united to form the state of Thuringia, was re-established after the end of the GDR in 1990, into which it merged in 1952. The city of Jena is home to the fourth largest university in the new federal states and is Thuringia's center of education and research. An overnight stay in one of the many hotels in Thuringia puts you close to some of Germany's most important cultural sites. There are three spots in Thuringia that are UNESCO World Heritage Sites: classical Weimar, the Weimar Bauhaus and Wartburg Castle near Eisenach. Erfurt is home to the oldest preserved synagogue in Central Europe.
The three most important cities in Thuringia are Erfurt, Jena and Weimar, all of which are characterized by a medieval cityscape in the center. Other cities are Gotha, Eisenach, Gera and Suhl. In addition to baroque-classical architecture in Weimar, Gotha and Eisenach, other cities in Thuringia, such as Suhl, are characterized by a typical socialist appearance. Jena, Gera, Eisenach and Suhl are situated in fairly narrow river valleys and are thus surrounded by rising mountains; there are noticeable differences in altitude in these towns, as the houses also creep up the slopes. This geography emphasizes the romance of the townscapes. In addition to the famous Wartburg Castle, where Martin Luther translated the Bible, there are many other castles in the hilly woodland of Thuringia, the Drei Gleichen, an ensemble of castles near Erfurt, Creuzburg Castle, Leuchtenburg Castle, Osterburg Castle and Petersberg Citadel, right in Erfurt's old town. There are also many castles, for example the Weimar City Palace, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Friedenstein Castle and Altenburg Castle.
Thuringia is the birthplace of Weimar Classicism, an important movement in literary history. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, an important writer for Weimar Classicism and beyond, lived in Weimar. The Nietzsche Archive can also be found there. The Weimar Bauhaus is important for artists such as Kandinsky and Paul Klee. Many of the works of art can be admired in the many buildings of Weimar Classicism. In Thuringia, food is traditionally hearty, with meat dishes, Thuringian Rostbratwurst sausage and Rostbrätel sausages as well as Thuringian dumplings. The black beer from Köstritz, Köstrizer, is sold all over Germany. There are two smaller airports in Thuringia, Leipzig-Altenburg Airport and Erfurt-Weimar Airport. There are also two ICE routes in the small federal state, connecting its most important cities to Munich in the south and Berlin in the north and to Frankfurt am Main in the west.